How to Play Dominant 7th Chords on the Guitar

Dominant 7th chords are like the secret sauce that adds flavor and tension to your guitar playing. Whether you're jamming on a blues track or throwing some jazzy licks into your metal solo, these chords can do wonders. So, let's break them down, understand their structure, and get you playing them with confidence.

What Are Dominant 7th Chords?

At their core, dominant 7th chords are built from a major triad with a minor seventh added. This combination creates a sound that's both stable and tense, kind of like being on the edge of your seat during a thriller movie. The classic example is the G7 chord, which consists of the notes G, B, D, and F. The "7th" in the name refers to that minor seventh interval from the root note.

Why are they called "dominant"? It's all about function. In music theory, the dominant refers to the fifth scale degree. So, in the key of C major, G is the dominant note, and the chord built on it is G7. This chord naturally wants to resolve to the tonic, which in C major is C. This resolution creates a strong sense of movement and completion.

So, why should you care? Well, dominant 7th chords are everywhere. They're in blues, jazz, rock, and even sneak their way into metal. Understanding how they work and how to play them can open up a whole new world of musical possibilities.

Basic Shapes on the Guitar

Let's talk shapes. On the guitar, you can form dominant 7th chords in several positions, but let's start with the basics. The two most common shapes are the E7 and A7 shapes, named after the open major chords they're derived from.

The E7 chord is formed by modifying an E major chord:

• Place your index finger on the first fret of the G string (G#).
• Leave the B string open to provide the D note.

For the A7 chord:

• Start with an A major chord.
• Lift your middle finger off the G string, leaving it open to provide the G note.

These shapes are movable, meaning you can slide them up and down the neck to create other dominant 7th chords. For example, move the E7 shape up two frets, and you're playing an F#7 chord. It's a handy trick that can simplify your chord transitions.

Dominant 7th Chords in Different Musical Contexts

Dominant 7th chords have a reputation for being versatile. In blues, they're the backbone of the classic 12-bar progression. Think of any blues song, and you're likely hearing a lot of dominant 7ths. They add that gritty, soulful sound that makes blues so expressive.

In jazz, these chords often appear in ii-V-I progressions, a staple of jazz harmony. The V chord in this sequence is usually a dominant 7th, resolving to the I chord. This gives jazz its smooth, flowing quality, with each chord leading naturally to the next.

Even in metal, a genre not typically known for its reliance on traditional harmony, dominant 7th chords can add color and tension. They can be used for unexpected chord changes or to create a sense of drama and unease.

For an exercise, try inserting a dominant 7th chord into a standard metal riff. You might be surprised at how it changes the feel, adding a layer of complexity and intrigue.

Incorporating Dominant 7ths into Your Playing

Once you're comfortable with the shapes and the sound, it's time to get creative. Start by experimenting with dominant 7th chords in your usual practice routine. Try them in different keys and see how they alter the mood of a piece.

Here are a few ideas to get you started:

• Blues Riffs: Take a 12-bar blues progression and focus on emphasizing the dominant 7th chords. This will give your playing an authentic blues feel.
• Jazz Standards: Practice a few ii-V-I progressions using dominant 7th chords. This will help you understand how these chords function in a jazz context.
• Metal Solos: Incorporate dominant 7th arpeggios into your solos. This can add unexpected twists and turns, making your solos stand out.

And remember, if you're feeling stuck or want more guidance, we offer lessons from some of the world's best metal guitarists through Riffhard. Our instructors can help you incorporate these chords into your playing seamlessly.

Practical Exercises to Master Dominant 7ths

Let's dive into some practical exercises that will help solidify your understanding of dominant 7th chords. These exercises are designed to be engaging and fun, so you won't feel like you're just drilling scales all day long.

Exercise 1: Chord Transitions

Start with a simple E7 chord and practice transitioning to an A7 chord. Do this slowly at first, ensuring that each note rings out clearly. Once you're comfortable, try speeding up the transitions. This exercise will help you get used to switching between dominant 7th chords quickly and smoothly.

Exercise 2: Arpeggio Practice

Playing arpeggios is a great way to internalize the sound of dominant 7th chords. Focus on picking each note cleanly and evenly. For example, when practicing a G7 arpeggio, play the notes G, B, D, and F in sequence, and then descend back down.

Exercise 3: Improvisation

Challenge yourself by improvising over a backing track that features dominant 7th chords. This exercise will push you to listen carefully and make creative choices in your playing. Pay attention to how the dominant 7th chords create tension and release, and use that to inform your improvisation.

These exercises are a great way to develop your understanding of dominant 7th chords, and they can be adapted to suit your skill level and musical interests.

Using Dominant 7ths in Songwriting

Dominant 7th chords aren't just for adding flair to your playing—they're also a powerful tool for songwriting. Let’s explore how these chords can enhance your compositions.

Think about the emotional journey you want your song to take. Dominant 7th chords can evoke a sense of tension, making them perfect for building anticipation or leading into a dramatic chorus. Try using a dominant 7th chord as a pivot point in your song, and see how it transforms the flow.

For instance, if you're writing a song in A minor, consider using an E7 chord to create a compelling bridge. The tension created by the E7 will naturally pull the listener back to the A minor chord, creating a satisfying resolution.

And don't be afraid to experiment. The best songwriters are those who push boundaries and try new things. Use dominant 7th chords in unexpected places, and you might stumble upon a unique sound that's all your own. And if you need a little extra help, Riffhard offers resources and lessons to help you develop your songwriting skills.

Exploring Extended Dominant Chords

Once you're comfortable with basic dominant 7th chords, it's time to explore extended versions. These chords add even more color and complexity to your playing.

Extended dominant chords include additional notes beyond the basic four-note structure. Here are a few examples:

• 9th Chords: Add the ninth note of the scale to your dominant 7th chord. For example, a G9 chord includes the notes G, B, D, F, and A.
• 11th Chords: Add the eleventh note. A G11 chord includes G, B, D, F, A, and C.
• 13th Chords: Add the thirteenth note. A G13 chord includes G, B, D, F, A, C, and E.

These chords can be a bit tricky to finger on the guitar, but they offer a wealth of new sounds to explore. Try incorporating them into your practice routine or compositions, and see how they change the texture of your music.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

As with any new skill, there are common pitfalls to watch out for when learning dominant 7th chords. Here are a few mistakes to avoid:

Not Enough Practice

It's easy to learn the shapes and think you're done, but practice is crucial. Spend time each day working on transitions and incorporating dominant 7th chords into your playing. Consistent practice will help these chords become second nature.

Ignoring Theory

Understanding the theory behind dominant 7th chords can enhance your playing. Take the time to learn how these chords function within a key and how they interact with other chords. This knowledge will make you a more versatile musician.

Overuse

While dominant 7th chords are powerful, using them too frequently can make your playing predictable. Use them sparingly to maintain their impact. Think of them as a seasoning—you want just enough to enhance the flavor without overwhelming the dish.

By keeping these tips in mind, you'll be well on your way to mastering dominant 7th chords. And if you're ever in need of guidance, our instructors at Riffhard are here to help, with lessons that delve deeper into theory and practical application.

Advanced Techniques with Dominant 7ths

Ready to take things up a notch? Let's look at some advanced techniques using dominant 7th chords that can add depth and sophistication to your playing.

Substitutions

One advanced technique is using chord substitutions. This involves replacing a dominant 7th chord with a different chord that has a similar function. A common substitution is the tritone substitution, where you replace a dominant 7th chord with another dominant 7th chord a tritone away. For example, replace G7 with Db7.

Chromatic Approaches

Chromatic approaches involve moving into or out of a dominant 7th chord by half steps. This technique can create a smooth transition between chords and add a jazzy flair to your playing.

Altered Dominants

Altered dominant chords include notes that are one half-step away from the chord tones. For example, a G7#9 chord includes a raised ninth, adding tension and color. Experiment with altered dominants to find new sounds and expressiveness in your music.

These advanced techniques require practice and experimentation, but they can greatly enhance your musical vocabulary. And remember, if you need help navigating these complexities, check out the lessons from our experts at Riffhard.

Final Thoughts

Dominant 7th chords are a fantastic way to add texture and emotion to your guitar playing. They're versatile, colorful, and an essential tool for any serious guitarist. Whether you're crafting bluesy riffs or adding complexity to your metal solos, these chords can elevate your music. And if you're looking to deepen your understanding, Riffhard offers lessons that can help you explore these chords further, with insights from some of the world's best metal guitarists.