How to Construct Guitar Chords

Creating guitar chords can seem like a mystery, but once you get the hang of it, you’ll be jamming with the best of them. This isn’t just about learning a few shapes; it’s about understanding how chords work and how you can build your own. We’ll cover the basics and throw in some advanced tips for those who want to spice things up. Whether you’re playing metal or just strumming along to a classic rock tune, knowing how to construct chords will elevate your playing.

The Basics of Chord Construction

Chords are the backbone of most music, and understanding how they’re built is crucial for any guitarist. At their core, chords are made up of at least three notes played simultaneously. These notes are stacked in intervals of thirds, meaning each note is a third above the previous one in the chord.

Let’s break it down:

• Root Note: This is the starting point of your chord. It’s the note that gives the chord its name. For example, in a C major chord, C is the root note.
• Third: The second note in the chord, the third, determines whether a chord is major or minor. A major third is four semitones above the root, while a minor third is three semitones above.
• Fifth: This note is seven semitones above the root. It’s the same for both major and minor chords, giving them a stable foundation.

For those who want to go beyond the basics, you can add more notes to create more complex chords like sevenths, ninths, and so on. But for now, focusing on the root, third, and fifth will get you through most situations.

Major and Minor Chords: What’s the Difference?

Major and minor chords are the most common types of chords you’ll encounter. The difference between them lies in the third:

• Major Chords: These chords have a happy or bright sound. They’re built with a major third above the root. For instance, C major includes the notes C, E, and G.
• Minor Chords: These chords have a sadder or more melancholic tone. They’re created by using a minor third above the root. C minor, for example, includes the notes C, E♭, and G.

Understanding these basics allows you to start recognizing chord progressions in songs and even create your own. It’s like learning the alphabet before you start writing poetry.

Exploring Power Chords for Metalheads

If you’re into metal, you’ve probably heard of power chords. They’re essential for that heavy, crunchy sound we all love. Interestingly enough, power chords aren’t technically chords in the traditional sense because they only use two notes: the root and the fifth. However, their simplicity is what makes them so powerful.

Here’s how to play a basic power chord:

• Start with your index finger on the root note on the low E string.
• Place your ring finger two frets higher on the A string.
• Play both strings together.

Power chords are moveable shapes, meaning you can slide them up and down the neck to play different chords. They’re a staple in genres like metalcore, thrash, and djent because they cut through the mix and provide a solid foundation for riffs and solos.

Adding Flavor: Seventh Chords

Once you’re comfortable with simple major and minor chords, adding a seventh can give your playing more depth. Seventh chords are created by adding another note, the seventh, to your basic triad. This note is either a major or minor seventh interval above the root.

Let’s look at two common types:

• Major Seventh Chords: These have a dreamy, jazzy sound. Add a major seventh interval to a major chord. For example, C major seventh (Cmaj7) includes C, E, G, and B.
• Minor Seventh Chords: These have a more soulful feel. You add a minor seventh interval to a minor chord. C minor seventh (Cm7) includes C, E♭, G, and B♭.

Experimenting with these can lead to some interesting harmonies and progressions, perfect for genres that demand more than just power chords.

Beyond the Ordinary: Suspended Chords

Suspended chords, or “sus” chords, introduce tension and resolution into your playing. They’re called “suspended” because they replace the third with either a second or a fourth, leaving the chord unresolved.

Here’s how they break down:

• Suspended Second (sus2): Replace the third with a second. For instance, Csus2 includes C, D, and G.
• Suspended Fourth (sus4): Replace the third with a fourth. Csus4 includes C, F, and G.

These chords are great for adding a bit of mystery or tension to your music, often resolving back to a major or minor chord for a satisfying conclusion.

Barre Chords: A Versatile Tool

Barre chords are a fantastic way to play movable chord shapes all over the neck. They require you to use one finger to press down multiple strings, acting as a “bar” across the fretboard.

Here’s a basic rundown on how to play them:

• Place your index finger across all six strings at a chosen fret.
• Use your other fingers to form the chord shape above the barre.
• Press down firmly and strum.

Barre chords can be challenging at first, but once mastered, they open up a world of possibilities. You can play major, minor, and even seventh chords by simply shifting shapes around the neck. It seems like magic, but it’s just a matter of practice and finger strength.

Complex Harmony: Diminished and Augmented Chords

If you’re looking to add some spice and drama to your playing, diminished and augmented chords are the way to go. These chords break the rules of traditional harmony and are perfect for creating tension.

• Diminished Chords: These chords are built with a root, minor third, and diminished fifth, creating a tense, unsettling sound. For example, C diminished (Cdim) includes C, E♭, and G♭.
• Augmented Chords: These have a root, major third, and augmented fifth, generating a more open-ended tension. C augmented (Caug) includes C, E, and G♯.

Using these chords strategically can lead to some fascinating musical moments. Don’t be afraid to experiment with them in your compositions.

Jazzing it Up: Extended Chords

For those who want to push the envelope even further, extended chords add additional notes beyond the seventh, like the ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth. These chords are common in jazz and fusion but can add a unique flavor to metal and rock as well.

Here’s a quick guide:

• Ninth Chords: Add a ninth interval to a seventh chord. C9 includes C, E, G, B♭, and D.
• Eleventh Chords: Add an eleventh interval. C11 includes C, E, G, B♭, D, and F.
• Thirteenth Chords: Add a thirteenth interval. C13 includes C, E, G, B♭, D, F, and A.

These chords can seem overwhelming at first, but they’re worth exploring for their rich, complex sound. They can really help set your music apart.

Creating Your Own Chord Progressions

Once you’ve got a handle on constructing chords, the next step is creating chord progressions. These are sequences of chords that form the backbone of a song. The beauty of progressions is that they can evoke different emotions and moods, from uplifting to melancholic.

• Start Simple: Use basic major and minor chords to create a simple progression. Try I-IV-V (like C-F-G) for a classic sound.
• Add Variety: Incorporate seventh and extended chords for more depth and color.
• Experiment: Don’t be afraid to mix things up. Throw in a diminished chord for a surprise twist.

Remember, there are no strict rules. Some of the best progressions come from breaking conventions and following your ear. Try different combinations and see what resonates with you.

For those looking to refine their skills, Riffhard offers lessons from top metal guitarists, where you can learn more about crafting killer chord progressions and rhythm techniques.

Final Thoughts

Constructing guitar chords is a journey of discovery and creativity. By understanding the building blocks and experimenting with different combinations, you can create a unique sound that truly reflects your style. For those eager to dive deeper, Riffhard provides a treasure trove of lessons from the world’s best metal guitarists, helping you master techniques and unlock a whole new level of playing. Keep experimenting, keep learning, and most importantly, keep playing.